How Much Does Tiotropium Bromide Cost in Mexico vs the USA?

Tiotropium bromide inhalation powder is indicated for the long-term, once-daily, maintenance treatment of bronchospasm associated with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), including chronic bronchitis and emphysema. Tiotropium bromide inhalation powder is indicated to reduce exacerbations in COPD patients. Tiotropium bromide inhalation powder is an anticholinergic indicated for the long-term, once-daily, maintenance treatment of bronchospasm associated with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and for reducing COPD exacerbations ( 1 )

For oral inhalation only. Do not swallow tiotropium bromide inhalation powder capsules, as the intended effects on the lungs will not be obtained. The contents of the tiotropium bromide inhalation powder capsules should only be used with the LupinHaler ® device [see Overdosage ( 10 )] . The recommended dosage of tiotropium bromide inhalation powder is two inhalations of the powder contents of one tiotropium bromide inhalation powder capsule, once-daily, with the LupinHaler device [see Patient Counseling Information ( 17 )]. Do not take more than one dose in 24 hours. For administration of tiotropium bromide inhalation powder, a tiotropium bromide inhalation powder capsule is placed into the center chamber of the LupinHaler device. The tiotropium bromide inhalation powder capsule is pierced by pressing and releasing the green piercing button on the side of the LupinHaler device. The tiotropium formulation is dispersed into the air stream when the patient inhales through the mouthpiece [see Patient Counseling Information ( 17 )]. No dosage adjustment is required for geriatric, hepatically-impaired, or renally-impaired patients. However, patients with moderate to severe renal impairment given tiotropium bromide inhalation powder should be monitored closely for anticholinergic effects [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.6 ), Use in Specific Populations ( 8.5 , 8.6 , 8.7 ), and Clinical Pharmacology ( 12.3 )]. For oral inhalation only. DO NOT swallow tiotropium bromide inhalation powder capsules. Only use tiotropium bromide inhalation powder capsules with the LupinHaler ® device ( 2 ) Two inhalations of the powder contents of a single tiotropium bromide inhalation powder capsule (18 mcg) once daily ( 2 )

Tiotropium bromide inhalation powder is contraindicated in patients with a hypersensitivity to tiotropium, ipratropium, or any components of this product [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.2 )] . In clinical trials and postmarketing experience with tiotropium bromide inhalation powder, immediate hypersensitivity reactions, including angioedema (including swelling of the lips, tongue, or throat), itching, or rash have been reported [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.2 )] . Hypersensitivity to tiotropium, ipratropium, or any components of tiotropium bromide inhalation powder capsules ( 4 )

Not for acute use: Not a rescue medication ( 5.1 ) Immediate hypersensitivity reactions: Discontinue tiotropium bromide inhalation powder at once and consider alternatives if immediate hypersensitivity reactions, including angioedema, urticaria, rash, bronchospasm, or anaphylaxis, occur. Use with caution in patients with severe hypersensitivity to milk proteins. ( 5.2 ) Paradoxical bronchospasm: Discontinue tiotropium bromide inhalation powder and consider other treatments if paradoxical bronchospasm occurs ( 5.3 ) Worsening of narrow-angle glaucoma may occur. Use with caution in patients with narrow-angle glaucoma and instruct patients to consult a physician immediately if this occurs. ( 5.4 ) Worsening of urinary retention may occur. Use with caution in patients with prostatic hyperplasia or bladder-neck obstruction and instruct patients to consult a physician immediately if this occurs. ( 5.5 ) 5.1 Not for Acute Use Tiotropium bromide inhalation powder is intended as a once-daily maintenance treatment for COPD and should not be used for relief of acute symptoms, i.e., as rescue therapy for the treatment of acute episodes of bronchospasm. 5.2 Immediate Hypersensitivity Reactions Immediate hypersensitivity reactions, including urticaria, angioedema (including swelling of the lips, tongue, or throat), rash, bronchospasm, anaphylaxis, or itching, may occur after administration of tiotropium bromide inhalation powder. If such a reaction occurs, therapy with tiotropium bromide inhalation powder should be stopped at once and alternative treatments should be considered. Given the similar structural formula of atropine to tiotropium, patients with a history of hypersensitivity reactions to atropine or its derivatives should be closely monitored for similar hypersensitivity reactions to tiotropium bromide inhalation powder. In addition, tiotropium bromide inhalation powder should be used with caution in patients with severe hypersensitivity to milk proteins. 5.3 Paradoxical Bronchospasm Inhaled medicines, including tiotropium bromide inhalation powder, may cause paradoxical bronchospasm. If this occurs, it should be treated immediately with an inhaled short- acting beta 2 -agonist such as albuterol. Treatment with tiotropium bromide inhalation powder should be stopped and other treatments considered. 5.4 Worsening of Narrow-Angle Glaucoma Tiotropium bromide inhalation powder should be used with caution in patients with narrow-angle glaucoma. Prescribers and patients should be alert for signs and symptoms of acute narrow-angle glaucoma (e.g., eye pain or discomfort, blurred vision, visual halos or colored images in association with red eyes from conjunctival congestion and corneal edema). Instruct patients to consult a physician immediately should any of these signs or symptoms develop. 5.5 Worsening of Urinary Retention Tiotropium bromide inhalation powder should be used with caution in patients with urinary retention. Prescribers and patients should be alert for signs and symptoms of urinary retention (e.g., difficulty passing urine, painful urination), especially in patients with prostatic hyperplasia or bladder-neck obstruction. Instruct patients to consult a physician immediately should any of these signs or symptoms develop. 5.6 Renal Impairment As a predominantly renally excreted drug, patients with moderate to severe renal impairment (creatinine clearance of <60 mL/min) treated with tiotropium bromide inhalation powder should be monitored closely for anticholinergic side effects [see Clinical Pharmacology ( 12.3 )].

Anticholinergics: May interact additively with concomitantly used anticholinergic medications. Avoid administration of tiotropium bromide inhalation powder with other anticholinergic-containing drugs. ( 7.2 ) 7.1 Sympathomimetics, Methylxanthines, Steroids Tiotropium bromide inhalation powder has been used concomitantly with short-acting and long-acting sympathomimetic (beta-agonists) bronchodilators, methylxanthines, and oral and inhaled steroids without increases in adverse reactions. 7.2 Anticholinergics There is potential for an additive interaction with concomitantly used anticholinergic medications. Therefore, avoid coadministration of tiotropium bromide inhalation powder with other anticholinergic-containing drugs as this may lead to an increase in anticholinergic adverse effects [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.4 , 5.5 ) and Adverse Reactions ( 6 )].

The following adverse reactions are described, or described in greater detail, in other sections: Immediate hypersensitivity reactions [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.2 )] Paradoxical bronchospasm [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.3 )] Worsening of narrow-angle glaucoma [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.4 )] Worsening of urinary retention [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.5 )] The most common adverse reactions (>5% incidence in the 1-year placebo- controlled trials) were upper respiratory tract infection, dry mouth, sinusitis, pharyngitis, non-specific chest pain, urinary tract infection, dyspepsia, and rhinitis ( 6.1 ) To report SUSPECTED ADVERSE REACTIONS, contact Lupin Pharmaceuticals, Inc. at 1-800-399-2561 or FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088 or www.fda.gov/medwatch . 6.1 Clinical Trials Experience Because clinical trials are conducted under widely varying conditions, the incidence of adverse reactions observed in the clinical trials of a drug cannot be directly compared to the incidences in the clinical trials of another drug and may not reflect the incidences observed in practice. 6-Month to 1-Year Trials The data described below reflect exposure to tiotropium bromide inhalation powder in 2,663 patients. Tiotropium bromide inhalation powder was studied in two 1-year placebo-controlled trials, two 1-year active-controlled trials, and two 6-month placebo-controlled trials in patients with COPD. In these trials, 1,308 patients were treated with tiotropium bromide inhalation powder at the recommended dosage of 18 mcg once a day. The population had an age ranging from 39 to 87 years with 65% to 85% males, 95% Caucasian, and had COPD with a mean pre-bronchodilator forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV 1 ) percent predicted of 39% to 43%. Patients with narrow-angle glaucoma, or symptomatic prostatic hypertrophy or bladder outlet obstruction were excluded from these trials. An additional 6-month trial conducted in a Veteran's Affairs setting is not included in this safety database because only serious adverse events were collected. The most commonly reported adverse drug reaction was dry mouth. Dry mouth was usually mild and often resolved during continued treatment. Other reactions reported in individual patients and consistent with possible anticholinergic effects included constipation, tachycardia, blurred vision, glaucoma (new onset or worsening), dysuria, and urinary retention. Four multicenter, 1-year, placebo-controlled and active-controlled trials evaluated tiotropium bromide inhalation powder in patients with COPD. Table 1 shows all adverse reactions that occurred with a frequency of ≥3% in the tiotropium bromide inhalation powder group in the 1-year placebo-controlled trials where the rates in the tiotropium bromide inhalation powder group exceeded placebo by ≥1%. The frequency of corresponding reactions in the ipratropium-controlled trials is included for comparison. Table 1: Adverse Reactions (% Patients) in One-Year COPD Clinical Trials Body System (Event) Placebo-Controlled Trials Ipratropium-Controlled Trials Tiotropium Bromide Inhalation Powder (n = 550) Placebo (n = 371) Tiotropium Bromide Inhalation Powder (n = 356) Ipratropium (n = 179) Body as a Whole Chest Pain (non-specific) 7 5 5 2 Edema, Dependent 5 4 3 5 Gastrointestinal System Disorders Dry Mouth 16 3 12 6 Dyspepsia 6 5 1 1 Abdominal Pain 5 3 6 6 Constipation 4 2 1 1 Vomiting 4 2 1 2 Musculoskeletal System Myalgia 4 3 4 3 Resistance Mechanism Disorders Infection 4 3 1 3 Moniliasis 4 2 3 2 Respiratory System (Upper) Upper Respiratory Tract Infection 41 37 43 35 Sinusitis 11 9 3 2 Pharyngitis 9 7 7 3 Rhinitis 6 5 3 2 Epistaxis 4 2 1 1 Skin and Appendage Disorders Rash 4 2 2 2 Urinary System Urinary Tract Infection 7 5 4 2 Arthritis, coughing, and influenza-like symptoms occurred at a rate of ≥3% in the tiotropium bromide inhalation powder treatment group, but were <1% in excess of the placebo group. Other reactions that occurred in the tiotropium bromide inhalation powder group at a frequency of 1% to 3% in the placebo-controlled trials where the rates exceeded that in the placebo group include: Body as a Whole : allergic reaction, leg pain; Central and Peripheral Nervous System : dysphonia, paresthesia; Gastrointestinal System Disorders : gastrointestinal disorder not otherwise specified (NOS), gastroesophageal reflux, stomatitis (including ulcerative stomatitis); Metabolic and Nutritional Disorders : hypercholesterolemia, hyperglycemia; Musculoskeletal System Disorders : skeletal pain; Cardiac Events : angina pectoris (including aggravated angina pectoris); Psychiatric Disorder : depression; Infections : herpes zoster; Respiratory System Disorder (Upper): laryngitis; Vision Disorder : cataract. In addition, among the adverse reactions observed in the clinical trials with an incidence of <1% were atrial fibrillation, supraventricular tachycardia, angioedema, and urinary retention. In the 1-year trials, the incidence of dry mouth, constipation, and urinary tract infection increased with age [see Use in Specific Populations ( 8.5 )]. Two multicenter, 6-month, controlled studies evaluated tiotropium bromide inhalation powder in patients with COPD. The adverse reactions and the incidence rates were similar to those seen in the 1-year controlled trials. 4-Year Trial The data described below reflect exposure to tiotropium bromide inhalation powder in 5,992 COPD patients in a 4-year placebo-controlled trial. In this trial, 2,986 patients were treated with tiotropium bromide inhalation powder at the recommended dosage of 18 mcg once a day. The population had an age range from 40 to 88 years, was 75% male, 90% Caucasian, and had COPD with a mean pre-bronchodilator FEV 1 percent predicted of 40%. Patients with narrow-angle glaucoma, or symptomatic prostatic hypertrophy or bladder outlet obstruction were excluded from these trials. When the adverse reactions were analyzed with a frequency of ≥3% in the tiotropium bromide inhalation powder group where the rates in the tiotropium bromide inhalation powder group exceeded placebo by ≥1%, adverse reactions included (tiotropium bromide inhalation powder, placebo): pharyngitis (12.5%, 10.8%), sinusitis (6.5%, 5.3%), headache (5.7%, 4.5%), constipation (5.1%, 3.7%), dry mouth (5.1%, 2.7%), depression (4.4%, 3.3%), insomnia (4.4%, 3.0%), and arthralgia (4.2%, 3.1%). Additional Adverse Reactions Other adverse reactions not previously listed that were reported more frequently in COPD patients treated with tiotropium bromide inhalation powder than placebo include: dehydration, skin ulcer, stomatitis, gingivitis, oropharyngeal candidiasis, dry skin, skin infection, and joint swelling. 6.2 Postmarketing Experience Adverse reactions have been identified during worldwide post-approval use of tiotropium bromide inhalation powder. Because these reactions are reported voluntarily from a population of uncertain size, it is not always possible to reliably estimate their frequency or establish a causal relationship to drug exposure. These adverse reactions are: application site irritation (glossitis, mouth ulceration, and pharyngolaryngeal pain), dizziness, dysphagia, hoarseness, intestinal obstruction including ileus paralytic, intraocular pressure increased, oral candidiasis, palpitations, pruritus, tachycardia, throat irritation, and urticaria.

8.1 Pregnancy Risk Summary The limited human data with tiotropium bromide inhalation powder use during pregnancy are insufficient to inform a drug-associated risk of adverse pregnancy-related outcomes. Based on animal reproduction studies, no structural abnormalities were observed when tiotropium was administered by inhalation to pregnant rats and rabbits during the period of organogenesis at doses 790 and 8 times, respectively, the maximum recommended human daily inhalation dose (MRHDID). Increased post-implantation loss was observed in rats and rabbits administered tiotropium at maternally toxic doses 430 times and 40 times the MRHDID, respectively [see Data]. The estimated background risk of major birth defects and miscarriage for the indicated population is unknown. All pregnancies have a background risk of birth defect, loss or other adverse outcomes. In the U.S. general population, the estimated background risk of major birth defects and miscarriage in clinically recognized pregnancies is 2% to 4% and 15% to 20%, respectively. Data Animal Data In 2 separate embryo-fetal development studies, pregnant rats and rabbits received tiotropium during the period of organogenesis at doses up to approximately 790 and 8 times the MRHDID, respectively (on a mcg/m 2 basis at inhalation doses of 1,471 and 7 mcg/kg/day in rats and rabbits, respectively). No evidence of structural abnormalities was observed in rats or rabbits. However, in rats, tiotropium caused fetal resorption, litter loss, decreases in the number of live pups at birth and the mean pup weights, and a delay in pup sexual maturation at tiotropium doses of approximately 40 times the MRHDID (on a mcg/m 2 basis at a maternal inhalation dose of 78 mcg/kg/day). In rabbits, tiotropium caused an increase in post-implantation loss at a tiotropium dose of approximately 430 times the MRHDID (on a mcg/m 2 basis at a maternal inhalation dose of 400 mcg/kg/day). Such effects were not observed at approximately 5 and 95 times the MRHDID, respectively (on a mcg/m 2 basis at inhalation doses of 9 and 88 mcg/kg/day in rats and rabbits, respectively).